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收稿日期：2024-01-10，
修回日期：2024-03-29，
纸质出版日期：2024-12-16
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目的
2
骨骼运动重定向是指将源角色的骨骼运动数据，修改后运用到另一个具有不同骨架结构的目标角色上，使得目标角色和源角色做出相同的动作。由于骨骼运动数据与骨架结构之间具有高耦合性，重定向算法需要从运动数据中分离出与骨架结构无关、只表示动作类型的特征。当源角色与目标角色骨架结构不同，且两者运动模式（如关节角变化范围）存在较大差异时，特征分离难度加大，重定向网络训练难度变大。针对该问题，提出了特征分离的方法和高阶骨骼卷积算子。
方法
2
在数据处理阶段，首先从运动数据中分离出一部分与骨架结构无关的特征，从而降低重定向网络训练难度，得到更好的重定向结果。另外，结合图卷积网络，本文针对人体骨架结构提出了高阶骨骼卷积算子。使用该算子，本文网络模型可以捕获更多有关骨架结构的信息，提高重定向结果的精度和视觉效果。
结果
2
在异构重定向任务中，本文方法在合成动画数据集Mixamo上与最新方法对比，重定向结果精度提升了38.6%。另外，本文方法也同样适用于同构重定向，结果精度比最新方法提升了74.8%。在从真人采集的运动数据到虚拟动画角色的异构重定向任务中，相比最新方法，本文方法能够明显减少重定向错误，重定向结果有更高的视觉质量。
结论
2
相比较于目前最新的方法，本文方法降低了特征分离的难度且更加充分挖掘了骨架的结构信息，使得重定向结果误差更低且动作更自然合理。
Objective
2
Skeletal motion retargeting is a key technology that involves adapting skeletal motion data from a source character， after suitable modification， to a target character with a different skeleton structure， thereby ensuring that the target character performs actions identical to the source. This process， which is particularly crucial in animation production and game development， can greatly promote the reuse of existing motion data and significantly reduce the need to create new motion data from scratch. Skeletal motion data have an inherently strong relationship with a character’s skeleton structure， and the core challenge in retargeting lies in extracting motion data features that are independent of the source skeleton and solely embody the essence and pattern of the action. The complexity in this process increases markedly during practical applications， especially when the source and target characters stem from distinct datasets （e.g.， translating motion capture data from real human subjects onto virtual animated characters with heterogeneous skeletal structures）. The differences between such datasets extend beyond mere skeletal disparities and may encompass inconsistencies in capturing equipment， physiological variations among individuals， and diverse action execution environments. Collectively， these factors produce significant discrepancies between the source and target characters in terms of global movement ranges， joint angle variation range， and other motion attributes， thus posing formidable challenges for retargeting algorithms. This paper addresses the problem of overcoming data heterogeneity to enable a precise motion retargeting from real human motion data to heterogeneous yet topologically equivalent virtual animated characters. To this end， this paper proposes several strategies for feature separation and high-order skeletal convolution operators.
Method
2
During the data preprocessing stage， feature separation is applied on the motion data to isolate those components that are independent of the skeletal structure. This approach significantly reduces the complexity of the data and consequently reduce the difficulty of the heterogeneous retargeting task and facilitate the attainment of superior retargeting outcomes. Moreover， given the high sensitivity of motion retargeting tasks to local features， this paper delves into the distance information between joints and， in conjunction with higher-order graph convolution theory， introduces innovative improvements to conventional skeletal convolution methods， ultimately proposing a novel high-order skeletal convolution operator. In high-order graph convolutional operations， the employed adjacency matrices of higher powers encapsulate a more abundant and tangible information profile. These matrices not only encompass fundamental structural information， i.e.， direct adjacencies between nodes， but may also be extended to embody the multi-level distance characteristics among nodes. This new operator harnesses the rich adjacency relationships and distance information encapsulated within higher-order adjacency matrices， thereby enabling convolution operations to thoroughly and comprehensively extract the intrinsic structural features of the skeleton and enhancing the accuracy and visual effect of the retargeting results.
Result
2
In the heterogeneous motion retargeting task， the proposed algorithm demonstrates a significant improvement （38.6%） in retargeting accuracy compared with the current state-of-the-art methods when evaluated using the synthetic animation dataset Mixamo. To further understand the model’s characteristics， the root joint errors are examined to examine its precision in handling root joint position. Results show that relative to extant methods， the proposed algorithm reduces the root joint position errors by 35.5%， hence substantiating its exceptional capability in addressing retargeting tasks with large ranges of root joint position variations. This algorithm also demonstrates its applicability and superiority in homogeneous motion retargeting tasks， achieving a 74.8% higher accuracy compared with extant methods. In practical applications， when applying real-world motion data captured from humans to the retargeting of virtual animated characters in aheterogeneous context， our algorithm excels at delivering high levels of authenticity in reproducing specific actions and significantly reducing retargeting errors.
Conclusion
2
This paper presents a framework that is capable of handling challenging motion retargeting tasks between heterogeneous yet topologically equivalent skeletons. When the training data originate from two significantly diverse datasets， the proposed data preprocessing methods and high-order skeletal convolutional operators enable the neural network models to effectively extract motion features from the source data and integrate them into the target skeleton， thereby generating skeletal motion data for the target character. By separating features of the motion data that are independent of the skeleton structure， the proposed model can focus on structure-relevant information， thereby effectively decoupling motion information from structural details and achieving motion retargeting. Additionally， by assigning different weights to joints at varying distances， the high-order skeletal convolutional operators gather enhanced skeletal structural information to improve network performance.
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