深度学习在医学影像中的应用综述

施俊; 汪琳琳; 王珊珊; 陈艳霞; 王乾; 魏冬铭; 梁淑君; 彭佳林; 易佳锦; 刘盛锋; 倪东; 王明亮; 张道强; 沈定刚

doi:10.11834/jig.200255

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深度学习在医学影像中的应用综述
Applications of deep learning in medical imaging: a survey
2020年25卷第10期页码：1953-1981
收稿：2020-06-02，

修回：2020-7-3，

录用：2020-7-10，

纸质出版：2020-10-16
DOI： 10.11834/jig.200255
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

施俊, 汪琳琳, 王珊珊, 陈艳霞, 王乾, 魏冬铭, 梁淑君, 彭佳林, 易佳锦, 刘盛锋, 倪东, 王明亮, 张道强, 沈定刚. 深度学习在医学影像中的应用综述[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2020,25(10):1953-1981. DOI： 10.11834/jig.200255.

Jun Shi, Linlin Wang, Shanshan Wang, Yanxia Chen, Qian Wang, Dongming Wei, Shujun Liang, Jialin Peng, Jiajin Yi, Shengfeng Liu, Dong Ni, Mingliang Wang, Daoqiang Zhang, Dinggang Shen. Applications of deep learning in medical imaging: a survey[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2020, 25(10): 1953-1981. DOI： 10.11834/jig.200255.

摘要

深度学习能自动从大样本数据中学习获得优良的特征表达，有效提升各种机器学习任务的性能，已广泛应用于信号处理、计算机视觉和自然语言处理等诸多领域。基于深度学习的医学影像智能计算是目前智慧医疗领域的研究热点，其中深度学习方法已经应用于医学影像处理、分析的全流程。由于医学影像内在的特殊性、复杂性，特别是考虑到医学影像领域普遍存在的小样本问题，相关学习任务和应用场景对深度学习方法提出了新要求。本文以临床常用的X射线、超声、计算机断层扫描和磁共振等4种影像为例，对深度学习在医学影像中的应用现状进行综述，特别面向图像重建、病灶检测、图像分割、图像配准和计算机辅助诊断这5大任务的主要深度学习方法的进展进行介绍，并对发展趋势进行展望。

Abstract

Deep learning can automatically learn from a large amount of data to obtain effective feature representations

thereby effectively improving the performance of various machine learning tasks. It has been widely used in various fields of medical imaging. Smart healthcare has become an important application area of deep learning

which is an effective approach to solve the following clinical problems: 1) given the limited medical resources

the experienced radiologists are not fully available

which cannot satisfy the fast development of the clinical requirement; 2) the lack of experienced radiologists

which cannot satisfy the fast increase of medical demand. At present

deep learning-based intelligent medical imaging systems are the typical scenarios in smart healthcare. This paper primarily reviews the applications of deep learning methods in various applications using four major clinical imaging techniques (i.e.

X-ray

ultrasound

computed tomography(CT)

and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)). These works cover the whole pipeline of medical imaging

including reconstruction

detection

segmentation

registration

and computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). The reviews on medical image reconstruction focus on both MRI reconstruction and low-dose CT reconstruction on the basis of deep learning. Deep learning methods for MRI reconstruction can be divided into two categories: 1) data-driven end-to-end methods

2) model-based methods. The low-dose CT reconstruction primarily introduces methods on the basis of convolutional neural networks and generative adversarial networks. In addition

deep learning methods for ultrasound imaging

medical image synthesis

and medical image super-resolution are reviewed. The reviews on lesion detection primarily focuses on the deep learning methods for lung lesions detection using CT

the deep learning detection model for tumor lesions

and the deep learning methods for the general lesion area detection. At present

deep learning has been widely used in medical image segmentation tasks

and its performance is significantly improved compared with traditional image segmentation methods. Most deep learning segmentation methods are typical data-driven machine learning models. We review supervised models

semi-supervised models

and self-supervised models with regard to the amount of labeled data and annotation. Medical images contain rich anatomical information

which enhances the performance of deep learning models with different supervision. Deep learning models incorporating prior knowledge are also reviewed. Medical image registration consistency is a difficult task in the field of medical image analysis. Deep learning has become a breakthrough to improve the performance of medical image registration. The end-to-end network structures produce high-precision registration results and have become a hotspot in the field of image registration. Compared with the conventional methods

the deep learning methods for medical image registration have a significant improvement in registration performance. According to the different supervision in the training procedure

this paper divides the deep learning methods for medical image registration into three modes: fully supervised methods

unsupervised methods

and weakly supervised methods. Computer-aided diagnosis is another application of deep learning in the field of medical imaging. This paper summarizes the deep learning methods on CAD with different supervision and the CAD works on the basis of multi-modality medical images. Notably

although deep learning methods have been applied in medical imaging

several challenges are still identified. For example

the small-sample size problem is common in medical imaging analysis. Advanced machine learning methods

including weakly supervised learning

transfer learning

few-shot learning

self-supervised learning

and increase learning

can help alleviate this problem. In addition

the data annotation of medical images is a problem that seriously restricts the extensive and in-depth application of deep learning

and extensive research on automatic data labeling must be carried out. Interpretability of the deep neural networks is also important in medical image analysis. Improving the interpretability of a deep neural network has always been a difficult point

and in-depth research must be carried out in this area. Furthermore

carrying out human-computer collaboration in medical care is important. The lightweight deep neural network is easy to deploy into portable medical devices

giving portable devices more powerful functions

which is also an important research direction. Deep learning has been successful in various tasks in medical imaging analysis. New methods must be developed for its further application in intelligent medical products.

关键词

Keywords

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